Dental cavities affect many people around the world and occur when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode tooth enamel, leading to the formation of holes (cavities). Left untreated, cavities can cause pain, infection and tooth loss. Understanding the different stages of tooth decay can help you identify the problem early on and seek appropriate treatment.
Here’s a closer look at the stages of dental cavity and treatments:
Stage one: White spots on tooth surface
This is the earliest sign of tooth decay and happens when minerals in the enamel are lost due to acid erosion. At this stage the cavity is reversible and can be treated with fluoride to remineralize the tooth enamel. Fluoride can be applied topically by a dentist or prescribed as a mouthwash or toothpaste.
Stage two: Enamel Decay
If the white spots are left untreated, they can progress to enamel decay which means that the tooth enamel is permanently damaged. At this stage, the cavity may appear as a brown or black spot on the tooth surface. Treatment options include dental fillings, or dental sealants, which can protect the tooth from further decay.
Stage three: Dentin decay
If the decay is not treated at the enamel stages, it can progress to the dentin layer of the tooth, which is softer than enamel and more susceptible to decay. This can cause sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures and sweet foods. Treatment options for dentin decay include dental fillings, or root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected pulp from the tooth and filling it with a material that strengthens the tooth.
Stage four: pulp damage.
If the decay reaches the pulp which contains nerves and blood vessels, it can cause intense pain and sensitivity. At this stage, the tooth may require a root canal or extraction. A root canal involves removing the infected pulp and filling the root canals with a material that strengthens the tooth. If the tooth is severely damaged, it may need to be extracted.
Well, like they say, prevention is better than cure.
The best way to prevent dental cavities is to practice good oral hygiene, which includes brushing twice a day, flossing daily and using mouthwash. You should also avoid sugary and acidic food and drinks and visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings. If you notice any signs of tooth decay such as white spots, sensitivity or pain, it’s important to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent further damage.
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